Article 368 — 2[(1) Notwithstanding anything in this

Constitution, Parliament may in exercise of its constituentpower amend by way of addition, variation or repeal anyprovision of this Constitution in accordance with theprocedure laid down in this article.] 3[(2)] An amendment of this Constitution may be initiated only by the introduction of a Bill for the purposein either House of Parliament, and when the Bill is passedin each House by a majority of the total membership ofthat House and by a majority of not less than two-thirdsof the members of that House present and voting, 4[it shall be presented to the President who shall give hisassent to the Bill and thereupon] the Constitution shallstand amended in accordance with the terms of the Bill: Provided that if such amendment seeks to make any change in— (a) article 54, article 55, article 73, article 162 or article 241, or (b) Chapter IV of Part V, Chapter V of Part VI, or Chapter I of Part XI, or (c) any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule, or (d) the representation of States in Parliament, or (e) the provisions of this article, the amendment shall also require to be ratified by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States 5*** by resolutions to that effect passed by those Legislatures 2401[Power of Parliament toamend theConstitution andproceduretherefor.] 1Subs. by the Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3, for “Procedure for the amendment of the Constitution”. 2Ins. by s. 3, ibid. 3Art. 368 renumbered as cl. (2) thereof by s. 3, ibid. 4Subs. by s. 3, ibid., for “it shall be presented to the President for his assent and upon such assent being given to the Bill,”. 5The words and letters “specified in Parts A and B of the First Schedule” omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. before the Bill making provision for such amendment is presented to the President for assent. 1[(3) Nothing in article 13 shall apply to any amendment made under this article.] 2[(4) No amendment of this Constitution (including the provisions of Part III) made or purporting to havebeen made under this article [whether before or after thecommencement of section 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976] shall be called in questionin any court on any ground. (5) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that there shall be no limitation whatever on theconstituent power of Parliament to amend by way ofaddition, variation or repeal the provisions of thisConstitution under this article.] 1Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3. 2Cls. (4) and (5) were ins. in article 368 by s. 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. This section has been declared invalid by the Supreme Court inMinerva Mills Ltd. and Others Vs. Union of India and Others (1980) 2 S.C.C. 591.THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (Part XX. —Amendment of the Constitution .—Art. 368.)241 AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS]